Ở bài trước, chúng ta đã được tìm hiểu một vài nét cơ bản về liên từ. Trong bài này, trung tâm ngoại ngữ Oxford English UK Vietnam sẽ tiếp tục cung cấp cho các bạn thêm cách sử dụng một số liên từ thường gặp:
Liên từ đẳng lập ( Liên từ song song ) |
Liên từ phụ thuộc ( Liên từ chính phụ) |
AND Ví dụ: She is a good and loyal wife. I have many books and notebooks. BOTH ... AND Ví dụ: She is both good and loyal. They learn both English and French. AS WELL AS Ví dụ: He has experience as well as knowledge. NO LESS THAN Ví dụ: You no less than he are very rich. NOT ONLY ... BUT (ALSO) Ví dụ: He learns not only English but but (also) Chinese. I like playing not only tennis but (also) football. OR Ví dụ: Hurry up, or you will be late. EITHER...OR Ví dụ: He isn't either good or kind. I don't have either books or notebooks. NEITHER ... NOR Ví dụ: He drinks neither wine nor beer. She has neither husband nor children. BUT Ví dụ: He is intelligent but very lazy. She is ugly but hard-working. THEN Ví dụ: You have eaten nothing; then you must be very hungry. The plant looks very faded; then it hasn't been watered for long. CONSEQUENTLY Ví dụ: You didn't work hard for this term; consequently, he failed the exam. HOWEVER Ví dụ: He is a very lazy student; however, he can pass all the exams easily. It was raining very hard; however, we went out without umbrellar. NEVERTHELESS Ví dụ: She studies very hard; nevertheless, she always gets bad marks. STILL, YET Ví dụ: I speak to you peaceably; still/yet you will not listen. She says she does not love me, yet, I still love her. OR, ELSE, OTHERWISE Ví dụ: We have to work hard, or/else/otherwise we will fail the exam. ONLY Ví dụ: Go where you like; only do not stay here. THEREFORE Ví dụ: He violated the traffic signs, therefore he was punished. |
FOR (được dùng như because): vì Ví dụ: He will get the promotion, for (because) he works hard. WHEREAS: nhưng ngược lại Ví dụ: He learns hard whereas his friends don't. Wise men love truth whereas fools avoid it. WHILE: trong khi Ví dụ: Don't sing while you work. Don't talk while you eat. BESIDES, MOREOVER: Ngoài ra, hơn thế nữa Ví dụ: We have to study hard at school; besides, we must pay attention to physical exercise. He stole two watches; moreover, he broke the window. SO: cách dùng gần như "for" Ví dụ: He is a good teacher; so, he is very popular with students. It rained very hard; so, we didn't go out that night. HENCE: do đó, kể từ đây Ví dụ: I had not money about me; hence I did not buy the book. He came late; hence, he missed the first part of the lesson. - Liên từ nối mệnh đề (như trạng ngữ): a. Thời gian (Time): AFTER: sau khi Ví dụ: A man shoud take a little rest, after he has worked hard. The ship was checked carefully after she had been built. AS: ngay lúc đó Ví dụ: He came her, as the clock struck six. They left as the bell rang.. AS SOON AS: sớm Ví dụ: I will phone you as soon as I come home. They will get married as soon as they finish university. BEFORE: trước đó Ví dụ: Don't count your chickens before they are hatchd. He talks as if he were very wise. Ví dụ: He has been very weak, since he was taken sick. AS LONG AS Ví dụ: No one can harm us, as long as we remain friends. I will lend you some money as long as you promise to pay me back. UNTIL Ví dụ: People do not know the value of health until they lose it. WHEN Ví dụ: When you visit this country, you should bring thick winter clothes. WHILE Ví dụ: Make hay while the sun shines. Step while you dance. b. Nơi chốn (Places): WHERE Ví dụ: The bed room is the best place where I do my homework. WHEREVER Ví dụ: His mother follows him wherever he goes. I will go wherever to find a suitable job for me. c. Thể cách (Manner): AS Ví dụ: Do as I told you to do. AS IF Ví dụ: He talks as if he knew everything about her. He dances as if he were a professional dancer. d. So sánh (Comparisons): AS Ví dụ: He is as tall as his brother. This bag is as expensive as that one. THAN Ví dụ: She is more beautiful than her sister. She looks fatter than his friend. e. Lí do (Reasons): AS Ví dụ: As it rained very hard, we stopped they games. BECAUSE Ví dụ: We could not pass the test because we didn't learn hard. I didn't meet her because she had left earlier. SINCE Ví dụ: I must go since she has telephoned three times. f. Mục đích (Purposes): THAT Ví dụ: I work hard that I may succeed in life. SO THAT Ví dụ: We went very early so that we could catch the last bus. IN ORDER THAT Ví dụ: We learn French in order to study in France . g. Điều kiện (Conditions) : IF Ví dụ: I will phone him if I have his phone number. UNLESS (IF NOT) Ví dụ: You will be late unless you set off now. Unless you work hard, you will not pass the exam. PROVIDED THAT Ví dụ: I will pardon him provided that he acknowledge his fault. You can enter the room provided that you have the ticket.. IN CASE Ví dụ: You should take an umbrella in case it rains. Please take a map with you in case (that) you may get lost. h. Sự tương phản, trái ngược: ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH Ví dụ: Though/even though /although it rained hard, I went out with her. AS Ví dụ: Rich as he is, his isn't ever happy. EVEN IF Ví dụ: Even if my watch is right, we will be too late. NOT WITH STANDING THAT Ví dụ: He is poor not with standing that he works very hard. |
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